Sheila birling in an inspector calls

Sheila birling in an inspector calls An Inspector Calls is a play set in Spring 1912, just before the First World War, but written by J.B. Priestley just after the Second World War. In this time Britain had a capitalist ideal. Basically if you were well-off that was great, but the vast majority of people were poor and lived off tiny wages. Furthermore it was a sexist country, so women didnt have the same rights as men. For example they were not permitted to vote until 1918, and even then they had to be over 30 until 1928 where the age was lowered to 21, equal to men. This is showed when Sheila and Sybil leave the room, so the men can talk business. Priestly may have written it at this time because he was trying to convey his socialistic views through the mouth of the Inspector, and the inclusion of dramatic irony referring to World War I a few German officers talking nonsense and a few scaremongers here making a fuss about nothing and these silly little war scares is proof that Priestley believes socialism is the best system. The Birlings are described through very detailed stage directions. For example, the Birlings are subtly described as materialistic [their house] is substantial and heavily comfortable, but not cosy and homelike. This portrays them as people who care more about appearances than comfort. The lighting is pink and intimate; this shows that they are enjoying the night and it might also suggest that they have something to hide. In the stage directions at the beginning of the play, Priestley presents Sheila, as a pretty girl in her early twenties, very pleased with life and rather excited. Sheila doesnt really contrast from the rest of the family at this stage, which would imply she is happy in this selfish, capitalist household. It is immediately apparent that Sheila and Geralds relationship is not based on love; it is more arranged and convenient. For example, Sheilas engagement to Gerald means a step up the social ladder for the Birlings as Gerald might have done better for [himself] socially. Furthermore, it appears that Birling is hoping for a business relationship between Crofts Limited and Birling and Company, for lower costs and higher prices. It shows that Birling thinks of this relationship as a means to make money, rather than to make his daughter happy. Furthermore the ring represents materialism and class, rather than love. This is shown because Sheila kisses Gerald hastily indicating a lack of romance. While Sheila looks like she is a bit childish and naÃÆ' ¯ve Mummy, isnt it beautiful? she is later seen to be quite suspicious and intelligent. For example, when she teases Gerald over his absence all last summer, she is half serious, half playful. She doesnt seem convinced he was awfully bu sy at the works. Her suspicions arent fully explored because women at the time were expected not to question their husband, which is shown when Mrs. Birling says, men with important work to do sometimes have to spend nearly all their time and energy on their business. Youll have to get used to that, just as I had. Thus at the start of the play, Sheila seems happy to have a subordinate role. When the Inspector appears the lighting changes to a brighter and harder light which gives the impression of exposure and the revelation of truth. This is significant as it shows that the Inspector will change the mood completely and it indicates secrets coming to light. The audience is enticed to trust the Inspector over Mr. Birling because Mr. Birling says a lot of things which we know not to be true dramatic irony. For example, he says that the Titanic is, unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable. The audience knows that the Titanic, of course, crashes during its voyage but Mr. Birling doesnt know this and the repetition of the word unsinkable suggests his misplaced certainty. In addition, the audience at this point believes the Inspector to be a real inspector, so they automatically think he is a trustworthy person. Something else that makes the audience more wary of Mr. Birling is when he says, Now, Inspector, perhaps you and I had better go and talk this over quietly in a corner whic h reinforces our opinion that he places money over morality. It looks like he is trying to bribe the Inspector. We also get a clear message that the Inspector is not impressed or intimidated by the social status of Mr. Birling, as many people would in that time. It is shown when Mr. Birling says, Perhaps I ought to warn you that hes an old friend of mine, and that I see him fairly frequently. We play golf together sometimes up at West Brumley followed by the response from the Inspector, (dryly) I dont play golf. This excerpt shows that people would commonly threaten people of a lower class than them using their social status and contacts, which we find out Sheila does to Eva later in the play. The Inspectors response, I dont play golf is a metaphor for saying Im not threatened by you and ultimately Im not a capitalist. This extract also voices Priestleys views on capitalism, saying how corrupt it is. When the Inspector announces the death of Eva Smith, Eric is the first to say something (involuntarily) My God! This shows that he is genuinely surprised/caring about the incident. This contrasts with what Mr. Birling says next, (rather impatiently) Yes, yes. Horrid business. But I dont understand why you should come here, Inspector. This shows how selfish Mr. Birling actually is. He obviously doesnt care about Eva, which is apparent from his impatience he just wants to know why the Inspector has bothered him. Sheila also appears caring later on when she is shown the picture of Eva Smith, She looks at it closely, recognizes it with a little cry, gives a half-stifled sob, and then runs out. This response shows she has much more remorse and guilt than Mr. Birling, who was quick to dismiss any responsibility [Me sacking her] has nothing to do with the wretched girls suicide. Eh, Inspector? We find out that Sheila is partly responsible for Eva Smiths suicide because she complained to the shop Milwards about Evas behaviour, as she was jealous of her prettiness and was in a bad mood. We realise that Sheila can be shallow and childish at times, when she says, When I tried the thing on an looked at myself and knew that it was all wrong, I caught sight of this girl smiling at Miss Francis as if to say: Doesnt she look awful and I was absolutely furious. This extract also makes her look quite vain, because she assumed that Eva was smiling about her, as if theres nothing else she could possibly be smiling about and that the world revolves around her. The childishness is also supported by the fact that she calls her parents Mummy and Daddy on numerous occasions. Overall she probably did what she did at Milwards because she had been in a bad temper anyhow and just wanted someone to blame, so she took it out on someone she considered lower than her and used her money and status to get what she wanted. Sheilas actions (and possibly her beliefs) change throughout the Inspectors investigation. Upon discovering she is partly responsible for Evas death she manages to get a moment alone with Gerald, where she tries to find out his involvement before he is interrogated by the Inspector. Gerald gives himself away because he says, (started) What? as soon as the Inspector says the name Daisy Renton. It also looks like Sheila becomes more wary and independent after this, as she asks Gerald questions about Eva and guesses correctly Geralds involvement with her You not only knew her but you knew her very well. She also realises that the Inspector knows everything already, Why you fool he knows. Of course he knows. And I hate to think how much he knows that we dont know yet. Youll see. Youll see. The repetition of Youll see is used to emphasise the fact that before the end of the evening, everyone will be proved guilty which shows that Sheila has superior insight to the rest of the family. S heila also gets an insight into the way the Inspector works, which she displays when she uses the wall metaphor, You mustnt try to build up a kind of wall between us and that girl. If you do, then the Inspector will just break it down and itll be all the worse when he does. In effect here she is saying theres no point in trying to lie or avoid responsibility, because you will find out that you are in fact responsible. The wall also represents the barriers the Birlings exact between the rich and the poor She is saying something similar with the rope metaphor Hes giving us the rope so that well hang ourselves. This shows that the Inspector is here to make the Birlings admit to their mistakes, rather than just to arrest then because of course in reality they havent committed any legal crime towards Eva. Shelia is definitely more receptive to the Inspectors message. This is further shown by the fact that she is trying to get the rest of the family to just tell the honest truth It cra zy. Please, stop mother. When Sheila gives the engagement ring back to Gerald this is actually very symbolic. Firstly it shows that Shelia has grown less materialistic and vain and that she values the truth much more, as the ring was the only thing keeping Gerald and her together. In addition it can also be thought of as Sheilas switch from a capitalist to a socialist as she is turning her back on this symbol of materialism. This shows that she was particularly receptive to the Inspector. The fact that Mr. Birling tries to keep the two engaged, Now, Sheila, Im not defending him but you must understand that a lot of young menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ shows that he is still completely oblivious to the Inspectors message and is still trying to hold on to the thing that will help him step up on the social ladder. When the Birlings find out that the Inspector isnt an actually police inspector, they all behave differently. Sheila and Eric dont believe that it makes any difference because the Inspector opened their eyes to how selfish he family is, which is shown when Sheila says sarcastically, I suppose were all nice people now. So the Inspector leaves the biggest impression on the younger generation, which interestingly is mentioned earlier when the Inspector says, We often [leave an impression] on the young ones. Theyre most impressionable. This shows that the younger people have a chance to change their beliefs and do something about it, as they are the future. On the other hand, Mr. and Mrs. Birling seem to think that the Inspectors fakeness makes all the difference. For example Mr. Birling says, If that had been a police inspector and hed heard you confessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This shows that he cares more about appearances and how scandalous the ordeal would be rather than how much of an impact it should have had on his beliefs. Priestleys message is quite complicated. Earlier on the Inspector gives a speech that covers the main themes of the whole play. He says, One Eva Smith has gone, but there are millions and millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left with us, with their lives, their hopes and fears, their suffering and chance of happiness, all intertwined with our lives, and what we think and what we do. The hopes and fears is to emphasise the fact that these people are actual people, not cheap labour as Mr. Birling says. This whole speech is basically to say that it is not just one person; millions of people are suffering just for the rich to prosper. Afterwards he says, We dont live alone. We are members of one body. We are responsible for each other. And I tell you that the time will come soon when, if men will no learn that lesson, then they will be taught in fire and blood and anguish. The term Fire and blood and anguish is dramatic irony as it is a reference to the World Wars. The fact that the audience knows that this will happen makes them think that socialism is the correct political system. The final part is open to interpretation, but in my opinion when the family gets the phone call to find out that a girl has actually committed suicide, the audience get the idea that the Inspector might actually be God as he appears omniscient, which tells us that God would prefer everyone to share the blame and understand their mistakes, which fits in with Socialist beliefs. The Inspectors role was to make the others admit their secrets and mistakes and make them see that what they did was wrong. Sheila has definitely changed with this, becoming less vain and materialistic. Eric has also changed, becoming more Socialist than Capitalist. The change in the younger generation shows that it is up to them to change the world and make it a better place (a Socialist place). This is because it is too late for the older, elitist more prejudiced generation and the audience knows that because of them the World Wars would be inevitable.

Gender Issues In Education, Sports And Employment Essay

Gender is the cultural construct attached to the fact of biological sex. The construct of gender has come to carry significant meaning with regard to the valuing of people or behaviors according to gender qualifications. There is much evidence that suggest that gendered inequality is the product of female oppression in a world dominated by global male hegemony within and across institutions including family, school, politics, and the labor market. Gender inequality is generally manifested in unequal rights for women of access to basic social services such as education; unequal rights for equal work in the employment sector, and unequal opportunities in sports. This paper is a brief discussion of the specific problems commonly identified within the issue of gender inequality in the mentioned areas, along with a number of potential solutions to ease, if not to totally eradicate the said inequities. Gender Issues in Education The literature on women’s and girls’ education frequently focuses o gendered inequalities in educational opportunities, educational attainment, and status of women in social, political and economic arenas both within and across nations. This problem may seem relatively straightforward, but gendered educational inequity is a complex phenomenon. Women’s education is strongly contextualized by the social and cultural environment of the local schools and national educational systems. Schools are the locus for much of the progress that is being made towards a culture of equality, although there is still much more to be done in order for gender equality to be a consistent characteristic of educational systems around the world (Valian, 2004). A solution seen for this is to institutionalize gender equity standards as components of school policy and structure, which will make it more likely that gendered inequalities will be both observed and identified as inequity. In this way, a heightened sense of awareness in gendered educational inequality could work on behalf of women. Gender Issues in Sports Gender differentiation has also been powerfully constructed through sports and the culture of sports. Moreover, Scraton and Flintoff (2002) asserted that organized sport has been a powerful cultural arena for reinforcing the ideology and actuality of male superiority and dominance; its traditions, symbols, and values have tended to preserve patriarchy and women’s subordinate position in society. Sport was an activity that serves two purposes for men: it meets their recreational needs, and it is a perfect antidote for their anxieties about effeminacy. Sport thus became a popular means for men to reaffirm their masculinity, and hence, a powerful tool for maintaining patriarchal gender relations. These social conditions made being both a woman and an athlete an anomaly in life. Female athletes did not suit society’s ideal of femininity, and those who persisted in sport suffers various aversive sanctions, especially derogation and public ridicule. A solution seen about this issue is for sports organizations to be prepared to analyze critically the ways they operate, the ways they make policy, and the ways in which national and international policy processes influence or are influenced by these sites of power. Gender Issues in Employment Gender inequality in employment begins with the gender labeling of workers. Gender categorization in workplace primes workers and employers alike to infuse stereotypic assumptions about gender into the institutional scripts by which a job is enacted and represented to others (Blakemore and Griggs, 2007). Employers often begin the process by implicitly or explicitly seeking workers of a particular gender on the basis of assumptions about labor costs that are themselves suffused by the effect of gender status beliefs. On the occasions that they hire a woman for a certain position, the pay is lower compared to a man employed in the exact same position. As a further result, women are inclined to be concentrated in casual occupations, where salary and work environment are poorer than in formal and public positions. The understanding of how to work towards gender equality is that people need to change inequitable social systems and institutions. Generally, ‘institutional change’ is the requirement for addressing the root causes of gender inequality. It means changing organizations which, in their programs, policies, structures, and ways of working, discriminate against women. Organizations should work on legal and policy change, or change material conditions. In order to bring about gender equality in employment, change must occur at the personal level and at the social level. It must occur in formal and informal relations. References Scraton, S. & Flintoff, A. (2002). Gender and Sport: A Reader. New York: Routledge. Blakemore, K. & Griggs, E. (2007). Social Policy: An Introduction. New York: Open University Press. Valian, V. (2004). Beyond Gender Schemas: Improving the Advancement of Women in Academia. NWSA Journal, 16 (1): 207-220.

Ethical Issues in International Business Essay

Tip usually refers to an offer made after services have been rendered. It is not of a legal concern. However, bribing is something of serious concern and it is questionable. Bribing to get a business contract is to secure favor against a party. However, when tip is offered in large amount in order to get a bigger table, it cannot be said as similar to bribing. But it has very little ethical concern compared to bribing for securing a business contract. Securing a better table is having a favor by offering a heavy tip but it does not stand equivalent to bribery. Bribing is more serious because it can affect business dealings and contract loss of the opposing party against which bribe is offered. For example, if two parties wanted to have same contract, but one of them bribed to gain the contract then the other party is a looser and lost their contract and business. So just securing a good table is not of very serious concern as compared to securing of business contract. Bribing is to harm others and gain favor when other party was strong enough to beat the competition. Securing a better table is much less serious issue and it does not involve any legal concerns and does not harm others. But though, it is just getting an advantage over others and getting better place than others. But now-a-days people have started offering heavy tips to have a better table. The moral here is this that thinking of oneself as more important than others. Though in both cases it somewhat looks the same that you’re offering money to get favor and advantage over others. But deeper consequences, legal issues and ethical issues are involved in case of bribing. Securing a table does not involve any legal issues or ethical issues of deeper concern. Tipping cannot be said compatible to bribing. Bribery is far more immoral attitude compared to securing a table. It involves breaking a deal with one party when it already had 90% chances to secure the deal before bribery. Hence, the company who actually deserved the right to have a contract looses it and the one who were not qualified get the deal by offering bribe. Thus, it is an immoral approach, promise breaking, and snatching of rights of other party. It may also involve some legal issues when damages incurred are severe because of bribe. Alienation of agency is one of the worst immoralities, and it happens when bribe-taker’s company breaks the deal or contract with another party after receiving the bribe. There are several other severe consequences of bribe apart from alienation of agency (Andrade, 1985). Therefore, it is understandable that bribe is totally an immoral act. And sometimes it becomes so necessary to bribe that in certain countries nothing gets done if you don’t give bribe (Koukl, 1996). Bribe also results in injustice and prevent justice among the parties. Securing a good table at restaurant, though, to seek a better place in restaurant and to have better service and favor over others is not a severe case as bribery is. Many restaurant owners admit that there is ‘little choice between the tables and only to make more money we reserve some fancy tables. ’ Our morals and ethical issues are not much of concern in having better table. But bribery has several and immoral consequences.

Sexism And Its Impact On Society - 1046 Words

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